ABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19 survivors often result in persistent symptoms, even months after being discharged, that lead to decreased lung function. Incentive spirometry is commonly used in pulmonary rehabilitation as it encourages the patient to take slow and deep inspiration through visual feedback. This study aimed to analyze the effects of incentive spirometry exercise on pulmonary function in COVID-19 survivors. Method: Twenty COVID-19 survivors aged 18-59 were enrolled in the study and divided randomly into two groups;ten survivors in the experimental group that received incentive spirometry exercise and ten survivors in the control group that received diaphragmatic breathing exercise. Both exercises were performed five times daily, with ten repetitions each for four weeks. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured by a peak flow meter before and after the treatment in both groups. The data were analyzed statistically. Result: There was a significant increase in pulmonary function in the experimental group (p=0.001) and control group (p=0.001). However, the two groups had no significant difference in pulmonary function (p=0.198). The incentive spirometry exercise shows a more significant effect on pulmonary function rather than diaphragmatic breathing. Conclusion: Incentive spirometry exercise could be an alternative therapy to improve the pulmonary function of COVID-19 survivors. © 2023, Sanglah General Hospital. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: The coverage rate for giving the COVID-19 vaccine to children in several regions of Indonesia is still in the low category, one of which is in Abeli District, Kendari City. One of the factors that can affect the low administration of vaccines to children is due to mothers' concerns about their children so they are hesitant and reluctant to be given the COVID-19 vaccine. This study aims to analyze the relationship between age, education, and knowledge of mothers with compliance with the COVID-19 vaccine in children aged 6-11 years in Abeli District, Kendari City. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Abeli District, Kendari City, from August to October 2022. A total of 90 subjects were selected using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The dependent variable is adherence to giving the COVID-19 vaccine to children. The independent variables include age, education, and mother's knowledge. The instrument used is a questionnaire. Data analysis used was the Chi Square test. Results: Adherence to maternal COVID-19 vaccine administration increased with knowledge (OR= 3.57;95% CI= 1.46 to 8.75;p= 0.007). Meanwhile, age (OR= 0.34;95% CI= 0.14 to 0.83;p= 0.003) and education (0.31;95% CI= 0.12 to 0.31;p= 0.020) reduced maternal adherence in administering the COVID-19 vaccine to children. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between age, education, and mother's knowledge with compliance with the COVID-19 vaccine in children aged 6-11 years in Abeli District, Kendari City.
ABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world. It is necessary to study lung tissue of postmortem COVID19 patients to determine the molecular alteration particularly the role of IL-6 and IL-17 in causing fatality. Background: This study aims to determine the differences in the expressions of IL-6 and IL-17 in lung tissue of post-mortem COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients. This study also aimed to analyze the correlation between the expressions of IL-6 and IL-17 in lung tissue of post-mortem COVID-19 patients. Methods: This research is an observational analytic study with crosssectional approach. The samples were 15 paraffin blocks of post-mortem lung tissue biopsy of COVID-19 patients, and 15 paraffin blocks of inflammatory lung tissue biopsy or surgery of non-COVID-19 patients. IL-6 and IL-17 expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemical procedure. Result: There was a significant difference in the expression of IL-6 in the COVID-19 group and the non-COVID-19 group with a p-value = 0.001 (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the expression of IL-17 in the COVID-19 group and the non-COVID-19 group with p-value = 0.001 (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between the expressions of IL-6 and IL-17 in the COVID-19 group, with the Spearman coefficient value (rs) of 0.548 with p = 0.034 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There are differences in the expression of IL-6 and IL-17 between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 lung tissue. There is a significant correlation between the expressions of IL-6 and IL-17 in post-mortem lung tissue of COVID-19 patients.